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  1. ^ "State Emblem -Inscription". National Informatics Centre(NIC). Retrieved 2007-06-17.
  2. ^ "National Anthem - Know India portal". National Informatics Centre(NIC). 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-31.
  3. ^ "National Song - Know India portal". National Informatics Centre(NIC). 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  4. ^ "Constituent Assembly of India — Volume XII". Constituent Assembly of India: Debates. parliamentofindia.nic.in, National Informatics Centre. 1950-01-24. Retrieved 2007-06-29. "The composition consisting of the words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it."
  5. ^ "The Union: Official Language". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. National Informatics Centre(NIC). 2007. Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  6. ^ "Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L., dated 27 April, 1960". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. National Informatics Centre(NIC). Retrieved 2009-06-11.
  7. ^ "Official Languages Resolution, 1968". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. National Informatics Centre(NIC). Retrieved 2009-06-11..
  8. ^ a b "India at a Glance". Know India Portal. National Informatics Centre(NIC). Retrieved 2007-12-07.
  9. ^ a b Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009) (.PDF). World Population Prospects, Table A.1. 2008 revision. United Nations. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
  10. ^ "India at a glance: Population". Census of India, 2001. Government of India. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
  11. ^ a b c d "India". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2009-04-22.
  12. ^ "Field Listing — Distribution of family income — Gini index". The World Factbook. CIA. 15 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-06.
  13. ^ "Total Area of India" (PDF). Country Studies, India. Library of Congress – Federal Research Division. December 2004. Retrieved 2007-09-03. "The country’s exact size is subject to debate because some borders are disputed. The Indian government lists the total area as 3,287,260 square kilometres and the total land area as 3,060,500 square kilometres; the United Nations lists the total area as 3,287,263 square kilometres and total land area as 2,973,190 square kilometres."
  14. ^ a b c Kumar, V. Sanil; K. C. Pathak, P. Pednekar, N. S. N. Raju (2006). "Coastal processes along the Indian coastline" (PDF). Current Science 91 (4): 530–536.
  15. ^ Footnote: The Government of India also considers Afghanistan to be a bordering country. This is because it considers the entire state of Jammu and Kashmir to be a part of India including the portion bordering Afghanistan. A ceasefire sponsored by the United Nations in 1948 froze the positions of Indian and Pakistani-held territory. As a consequence, the region bordering Afghanistan is in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.
  16. ^ Oldenburg, Phillip. 2007. "India: History," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007© 1997–2007 Microsoft Corporation.
  17. ^ a b written by John Farndon. (1997). Concise Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 455. ISBN 0-7513-5911-4.
  18. ^ a b "India is the second fastest growing economy". Economic Research Service (ERS). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  19. ^ Poverty estimates for 2004-05, Planning commission, Government of India, March 2007. Accessed: 25 August 2007.
  20. ^ "India", Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 2100a.d. Oxford University Press.
  21. ^ Basham, A. L. (2000). The Wonder That Was India. South Asia Books. ISBN 0283992573.
  22. ^ "Official name of the Union". Courts Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Comm. and Information Tech. Retrieved 2007-08-08. "Name and territory of the Union- India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States."
  23. ^ "Hindustan". Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
  24. ^ "Introduction to the Ancient Indus Valley". Harappa. 1996. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
  25. ^ Krishna Reddy (2003). Indian History. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill. p. A107. ISBN 0070483698.
  26. ^ Jona Lendering. "Maurya dynasty". Retrieved 2007-06-17.
  27. ^ "Gupta period has been described as the Golden Age of Indian history". National Informatics Centre (NIC). Retrieved 2007-10-03.
  28. ^ Heitzman, James. (2007). "Gupta Dynasty," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2007.
  29. ^ "The Mughal Legacy".
  30. ^ "The Mughal World : Life in India's Last Golden Age".
  31. ^ The Mughals: The Marathas.
  32. ^ "History : Indian Freedom Struggle (1857–1947)". National Informatics Centre (NIC). Retrieved 2007-10-03. "And by 1856, the British conquest and its authority were firmly established."
  33. ^ written by John Farndon. (1997). Concise Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 322. ISBN 0-7513-5911-4.
  34. ^ a b c d "CIA Factbook: India". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 2007-03-10.
  35. ^ a b "India Profile". Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI). 2003. Retrieved 2007-06-20.
  36. ^ Montek Singh Ahluwalia (2002) (MS Word). Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
  37. ^ "National Symbols of India". High Commission of India, London. Retrieved 2007-09-03.
  38. ^ Pylee, Moolamattom Varkey (2004). "The Longest Constitutional Document". Constitutional Government in India (2nd ed.). S. Chand. p. 4. ISBN 8121922038. Retrieved 2007-10-31.
  39. ^ Dutt, Sagarika (1998). "Identities and the Indian state: An overview". Third World Quarterly 19 (3): 411–434. doi:10.1080/01436599814325. at p. 421.
  40. ^ Wheare, K.C. (1964). Federal Government (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 28.
  41. ^ Echeverri-Gent, John (2002). "Politics in India's Decentred Polity". in Ayres, Alyssa; Oldenburg, Philip. Quickening the Pace of Change. India Briefing. London: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 076560812X. at pp. 19–20; Sinha, Aseema (2004). "The Changing Political Economy of Federalism in India". India Review 3 (1): 25.doi:10.1080/14736480490443085. at pp. 25–33.
  42. ^ a b c Sharma, Ram (1950). "Cabinet Government in India". Parliamentary Affairs 4 (1): 116–126.
  43. ^ "Election of President". The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved 2007-09-02. "The President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college."
  44. ^ Gledhill, Alan (1964). The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution (2nd ed.). Stevens and Sons. p. 112.
  45. ^ "Tenure of President's office". The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved 2007-09-02. "The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office."
  46. ^ "Appointment of Prime Minister and Council of Ministers". The Constitution Of India. Constitution Society. Retrieved 2007-09-02. "The Prime Minister shall be appointed by the President and the other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister."
  47. ^ Matthew, K.M.. Manorama Yearbook 2003. Malayala Manorama. p. 524. ISBN 8190046187.
  48. ^ Gledhill, Alan (1964). The Republic of India: The Development of Its Laws and Constitution (2nd ed.). Stevens and Sons. p. 127.
  49. ^ a b c d "Our Parliament A brief description of the Indian Parliament". www.parliamentofindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  50. ^ a b Neuborne, Burt (2003). "The Supreme Court of India". International Journal of Constitutional Law 1 (1): 476–510. doi:10.1093/icon/1.3.476. at p. 478.
  51. ^ Supreme Court of India. "Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court". National Informatics Centre. Retrieved 2007-10-21.
  52. ^ Sripati, Vuayashri (1998). "Toward Fifty Years of Constitutionalism and Fundamental Rights in India: Looking Back to See Ahead (1950–2000)". American University International Law Review 14 (2): 413–496. at pp. 423–424.
  53. ^ Pylee, Moolamattom Varkey (2004). "The Union Judiciary: The Supreme Court". Constitutional Government in India (2nd ed.). S. Chand. p. 314. ISBN 8121922038. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h "Country Profile: India" (PDF). Library of Congress - Federal Research Division. December 2004. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
  55. ^ "States Reorganisation Act, 1956". Constitution of India. Commonwealth Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2007-10-31.; See also: Political integration of India.
  56. ^ "Districts of India". Government of India. National Informatics Centre (NIC). Retrieved 2007-11-25.
  57. ^ "Country profile: India". BBC. 9 January 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-21.
  58. ^ "World's Largest Democracy to Reach One Billion Persons on Independence Day". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations:Population Division. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
  59. ^ Bhambhri, Chandra Prakash (1992). Politics in India 1991-92. Shipra Publications. pp. 118, 143. ISBN 978-8185402178.
  60. ^ "Narasimha Rao passes away". The Hindu. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
  61. ^ Patrick Dunleavy, Rekha Diwakar, Christopher Dunleavy. "The effective space of party competition" (PDF). London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
  62. ^ Hermann, Kulke; Dietmar Rothermund (2004). A History of India. Routledge. p. 384. ISBN 978-0415329194.
  63. ^ "Second UPA win, a crowning glory for Sonia's ascendancy". Business Standard. 16 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
  64. ^ "Typhoon vs. SU-30MKI: The 2007 Indra Dhanush Exercise". Defence Aviation. 2007-08-08. Retrieved 2009-04-01.
  65. ^ "Significance of the Contribution of India to the Struggle Against Apartheid1 by M. Moolla".
  66. ^ "History of Non Aligned Movement". Retrieved 2007-08-23.
  67. ^ Martin Gilbert (2002). A History of the Twentieth Century. London: HarperCollins. pp. 486–87. ISBN 006050594X. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
  68. ^ "30/12/2005-India-Russia relations, an overview". Embassy of India, Moscow. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  69. ^ India's negotiation positions at the WTO.
  70. ^ "India and the United Nations". Retrieved 2006-04-22.
  71. ^ Brig. Vijai K. Nair (Indian Army). "No More Ambiguity: India's Nuclear Policy" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-06-07.
  72. ^ Times of India (11 October 2008), India, US seal 123 Agreement, Times of India.
  73. ^ a b c Ali, Jason R.; Jonathan C. Aitchison (2005). "Greater India". Earth-Science Reviews 72 (3-4): 170–173. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.07.005.
  74. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 7.
  75. ^ Prakash, B.; Sudhir Kumar, M. Someshwar Rao, S. C. Giri (2000). "Holocene tectonic movements and stress field in the western Gangetic plains" (PDF).Current Science 79 (4): 438–449.
  76. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 11.
  77. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 8.
  78. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, pp. 9-10.
  79. ^ India's northernmost point is the region of the disputed Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir; however, the Government of India regards the entire region of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir (including the Northern Areas currently administered by Pakistan) to be its territory, and therefore assigns the longitude 37° 6' to its northernmost point.
  80. ^ (Government of India 2007, p. 1.)
  81. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 15.
  82. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 16.
  83. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 17.
  84. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 12.
  85. ^ Dikshit & Schwartzberg 2007, p. 13.
  86. ^ a b Chang 1967, pp. 391-394.
  87. ^ Posey 1994, p. 118.
  88. ^ Wolpert 2003, p. 4.
  89. ^ Heitzman & Worden 1996, p. 97.
  90. ^ a b Dr S.K.Puri. "Biodiversity Profile of India (Text Only)". Retrieved 2007-06-20.
  91. ^ Botanical Survey of India. 1983. Flora and Vegetation of India — An Outline. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah. p. 24.
  92. ^ Valmik Thapar, Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent, 1997. ISBN 978-0520214705.
  93. ^ a b Tritsch, M.E. 2001. Wildlife of India Harper Collins, London. 192 pages. ISBN 0-00-711062-6.
  94. ^ K. Praveen Karanth. (2006). Out-of-India Gondwanan origin of some tropical Asian biota.
  95. ^ Groombridge, B. (ed). 1993. The 1994 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. lvi + 286 pp.
  96. ^ "The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972". Helplinelaw.com. 2000. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
  97. ^ "The Forest Conservation Act, 1980". AdvocateKhoj.com. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
  98. ^ "Biosphere Reserves of India". Retrieved 2007-06-17.
  99. ^ "The List of Wetlands of International Importance" (PDF). The Secretariat of the Convention of on Wetlands. 4 June 2007. pp. 18. Retrieved 2007-06-20.
  100. ^ a b Eugene M. Makar (2007). An American's Guide to Doing Business in India.
  101. ^ a b c d "Economic survey of India 2007: Policy Brief". OECD.
  102. ^ a b "The India Report". Astaire Research.
  103. ^ a b "India’s Rising Growth Potential". Goldman Sachs. 2007.
  104. ^ Jalal Alamgir. "India's Open-Economy Policy: Globalism, Rivalry, Continuity". Routledge.
  105. ^ "The Puzzle of India's Growth". 2006-06-26. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
  106. ^ ""India twelfth wealthiest nation in 2005: World Bank"". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2006-07-08.
  107. ^ [1] [2] [3]
  108. ^ The Nano, world's cheapest car, to hit Indian roads
  109. ^ http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/mar2009/gb20090316_145330.htm
  110. ^ http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/DPR_FullReport.pdf Retrieved on May 7, 2009
  111. ^ http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article1421393.ece Retrieved on May 8, 2009
  112. ^ ."New Global Poverty Estimates — What it means for India". World Bank.
  113. ^ "India: Undernourished Children: A Call for Reform and Action". World Bank.
  114. ^ ""Inclusive Growth and Service delivery: Building on India’s Success"" (PDF). World Bank. 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
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  117. ^ Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy.
  118. ^ "Languages by number of speakers according to 1991 census". Central Institute of Indian Languages. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
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  120. ^ "Notification No. 2/8/60-O.L. (Ministry of Home Affairs), dated 27 April, 1960". Retrieved 4 July 2007.
  121. ^ Seaver, Sanford B. (1998), The Dravidian Languages, Taylor and Francis. p. 436, ISBN 0415100232. Quote: "Tamil ... It is therefore one of India's two classical languages, alongside the more widely known Indo-Aryan language Sanskrit." 2. Ramanujan, A. K. (1985), Poems of Love and War: From the Eight Anthologies and the Ten Long Poems of Classical Tamil, New York: Columbia University Press. p. 329, ISBN 0231051077 Quote: "Tamil, one of the two classical languages of India, is a Dravidian language spoken today by 50 million Indians, ..."
  122. ^ "Declaration of Telugu and Kannada as classical languages". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Government of India. Retrieved 2008-11-19.
  123. ^ Matthew, K.M. (2006). Manorama Yearbook 2003. Malayala Manorama. p. 524. ISBN 81-89004-07-7.
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  125. ^ "Tribes: Introduction". National Informatics Centre. Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
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  127. ^ "Census Statistics of Bihar: Literacy Rates Literacy rate of Bihar". Government of Bihar. Retrieved 2007-12-13.
  128. ^ India: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population
  129. ^ "Taj Mahal". World Heritage List. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 28 September 2007. "The World Heritage List includes 851 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee considers as having outstanding universal value."
  130. ^ Das, N.K. (July 2006). "Cultural Diversity, Religious Syncretism and People of India: An Anthropological Interpretation". Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology 3(2nd). ISSN 1819-8465. Retrieved 2007-09-27. "The pan-Indian, civilizational dimension of cultural pluralism and syncretism encompasses ethnic diversity and admixture, linguistic heterogeneity as well as fusion, and variations as well as synthesis in customs, behavioural patterns, beliefs and rituals".
  131. ^ Baidyanath, Saraswati (2006). "Cultural Pluralism, National Identity and Development". Interface of Cultural Identity Development (1stEdition ed.). New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. xxi+290 pp. ISBN 81-246-0054-6. Retrieved 2007-06-08.
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  137. ^ Achaya 1994, Achaya 1997
  138. ^ "18 Popular India Festivals". Retrieved 2007-12-23.
  139. ^ 1. "South Asian arts: Techniques and Types of Classical Dance" From: Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 12 Oct. 2007. 2. Sangeet Natak Academi (National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama, New Delhi, India). 2007. Dance Programmes. 3. Kothari, Sunil. 2007. Sattriya dance of the celibate monks of Assam, India. Royal Holloway College, University of London.
  140. ^ Lal 1998.
  141. ^ (Karanth 1997, p. 26). Quote: "The Yakṣagāna folk-theatre is no isolated theatrical form in India. We have a number of such theatrical traditions all around Karnataka... In far off Assam we have similar plays going on by the name of Ankia Nat, in neighouring Bengal we have the very popular Jatra plays. Maharashtra has Tamasa. (p. 26.)
  142. ^ "Country profile: India". BBC. Retrieved 2007.
  143. ^ Dissanayake & Gokulsing 2004.
  144. ^ Rajadhyaksha & Willemen (editors) 1999.
  145. ^ MacDonell 2004, pp. 1-40.
  146. ^ Johnson 1998, MacDonell 2004, pp. 1-40, and Kalidasa & Johnson (editor) 2001.
  147. ^ 1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (2008), "Tamil Literature." Quote: "Apart from literature written in classical (Indo-Aryan) Sanskrit, Tamil is the oldest literature in India. Some inscriptions on stone have been dated to the 3rd century BC, but Tamil literature proper begins around the 1st century AD. Much early poetry was religious or epic; an exception was the secular court poetry written by members of the sangam, or literary academy (see Sangam literature)." 2. Ramanujan 1985, pp. ix-x. Quote: "These poems are 'classical,' i.e. early, ancient; they are also 'classics,' i.e. works that have stood the test of time, the founding works of a whole tradition. Not to know them is not to know a unique and major poetic achievement of Indian civilisation. Early classical Tamil literature (c. 100 BC–AD 250) consists of the Eight Anthologies (Eţţuttokai), the Ten Long Poems (Pattuppāţţu), and a grammar called the Tolkāppiyam or the 'Old Composition.' ... The literature of classical Tamil later came to be known as Cankam (pronounced Sangam) literature. (pp. ix-x.)"
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References

History
Geography
  • Dikshit, K.R.; Joseph E. Schwartzberg (2007). "India: The Land". Encyclopædia Britannica. pp. 1–29.
  • Government of India (2007). India Yearbook 2007. Publications Division, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 81-230-1423-6.
  • Heitzman, J.; R.L. Worden (1996). India: A Country Study. Library of Congress (Area Handbook Series). ISBN 0-8444-0833-6.
  • Posey, C.A (1994). The Living Earth Book of Wind and Weather. Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 0-8957-7625-1.
Flora and fauna
  • Ali, Salim & S. Dillon Ripley (1995), A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent, Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. pp. 183, 106 colour plates by John Henry Dick, ISBN 0195637321.
  • Blatter, E. & Walter S. Millard (1997), Some Beautiful Indian Trees, Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. pp. xvii, 165, 30 colour plates, ISBN 019562162X.
  • Israel, Samuel & Toby Sinclair (editors) (2001), Indian Wildlife, Discovery Channel and APA Publications., ISBN 9812345558.
  • Prater, S. H. (1971), The book of Indian Animals, Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society and Oxford University Press. pp. xxiii, 324, 28 colour plates by Paul Barruel., ISBN 0195621697.
  • Rangarajan, Mahesh (editor) (1999), Oxford Anthology of Indian Wildlife: Volume 1, Hunting and Shooting, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. xi, 439, ISBN 0195645928.
  • Rangarajan, Mahesh (editor) (1999), Oxford Anthology of Indian Wildlife: Volume 2, Watching and Conserving, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. xi, 303, ISBN 0195645936.
  • Tritsch, Mark F. (2001), Wildlife of India, London: Harper Collins Publishers. p. 192, ISBN 0007110626.
Culture

External links

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